297-298. Mr. Evil Questioning Tried and Executed

A Sermon Delivered On Sunday Morning, February 5, 1860, By Pastor C. H. Spurgeon, At Exeter Hall, Strand.

Are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? may I not wash in them, and be clean? (2Ki 5:12)

1. Proud Self and Evil Questioning are two of Satan’s firmest allies, and two of the chief destroyers of the souls of men. Both of these adversaries attacked Naaman at once. Proud Self fell upon him and gave him the first blow, and Naaman cried, “Behold, I thought, he will surely come out to me, and stand, and call on the name of the Lord his God, and strike his hand over the place and heal the leper.” When Proud Self had given his blow, on came his friend and helper, Evil Questioning, and he struck Naaman, and then Naaman said, “Are not Abana and Pharpar, rivers of Damascus, better than all the waters of Israel? may I not wash in them, and be clean?” Ah! it is a hard case with a man who has to fight with two such imps as these—his own proud spirit, and that equally wicked spirit of unbelief—asking questions—evil questions—and tempting the Lord our God. Against the first, namely, our proud and righteous self, God has opened all his batteries. The ten commandments are like ten great pieces of ordnance, each one of them pointed against our own pride and self-righteousness. The Bible is an opponent, even to death, of everything like boasting, or encouraging the hope of salvation by any efforts of our own. Righteous Self is doomed to be torn in pieces, and his house to be made a dunghill; God hates him because he is an antichrist, and sets himself in opposition to the plenteous atonement of the Lord Jesus Christ. As for Evil Questioning, he also does much ruin among the souls of men. And as it has been my experience of late to meet him very often, I propose this morning to track him to his den, to bring him out to the light, and by God’s help, if his Spirit shall be here present, to fully defeat him, once and for all, to the rescue of many of you. Oh what multitudes of souls have gone to hell asking questions. Not asking, “What must I do to be saved?” but asking questions about matters too high for them; asking, in fact, questions which were only meant to be some excuse for continuing in their sins, pillows for their wicked heads to lean upon; putting queries to ministers, and propounding hard and knotty points, that from the ignorance of man they might draw reasons why they should continue in their evil way, should hold on in their wicked course, and so should resist the mercy of God.

2. Just listen to what Evil Questioning said to Naaman, and what Naaman said as the result of it. If I understand my text correctly, it means just this: “What virtue can there be in water? Why should I be told to go and wash at all? I have washed many times and it never cured my leprosy. This dry disease is not so readily gotten rid of; but supposing there is some medical influence in water, why must I wash in Jordan? It is only a mere ditch; why can I not go and wash in some of my own rivers? We have medicinal streams in our own land. At any rate, Abana and Pharpar are cleaner and wider, and their current is stronger than that of the Jordan, which empties itself into the Dead Sea. And to my mind,” he says “it seems to be only a dead river at the very best. May I not go home to Syria and there wash? A pretty thing that I should come all this way from Syria to see him and then all he should tell me should be, ‘Wash and be clean.’ It is absurd,” he says, “it is contrary to the nature of things; it cannot be possible, and therefore,” he says, “I will not go and try it.” This, you see, was Evil Questioning. What business was it of Naaman’s whether there was any medicinal powers in the water or not? What concern was it to him whether Abana or Pharpar were better or worse than Jordan? He had nothing to do except to obey the simple command—“Go, wash in Jordan seven times, and you shall be clean.” It was his to obey, not to question. It was his to fulfil the command, not to enquire into its philosophy.

3. Now, what Evil Questioning said to Naaman, that he has said to many of you, my hearers. I know there are some of you who are even today harbouring this arch-traitor. I pray that God by his grace may expose him this morning, so that we may expel him from your hearts.

4. I shall try, first of all, to detect this old Mr. Evil Questioning. When we have exposed him, I shall try to describe him to you so that you may know him again the next time you meet him. Then when we have described him, we will bring him out, and by God’s help we will execute him; and when we have done that, I shall propose to you that we kill all his children, for they are a very large family. If we may believe John Bunyan, there are some nine or ten of them, and all of them resemble their old father. I hope we shall have grace to put an end to them as well as the parent.

5. I. First, then, let us DETECT OLD MR. EVIL QUESTIONING.

6. He does not go by that name in the world. When he was brought up to be tried as a traitor, he had the impudence to tell the Judge that his name was not Evil Questioning at all. “My Lord,” he said, “my proper name is Honest Enquiry, not Evil Questioning. There may be a man by the name of Evil Questioning, but I am not that person at all, and I hope it will never become a sin for a man to make an honest enquiry, and freely to ask the basis for any truth that is propounded to him. For, my Lord, if we are to take things upon mere credence, matters of faith upon the witness of men, indeed we shall soon make great fools of ourselves. My name is ‘Honest Enquiry,’ my Lord, and I think myself to be a very honest citizen.” Since then Evil Questioning goes by that name, therefore you will not readily detect him, I must take you around to see if we can expose him by his speech, for it is not by his name, but by his prating, that you may know this fellow.

7. Now, Lord Will-be-will, according to John Bunyan, in his allegory of the Holy War, kept an officer called Mr. Diligence, who used to go about listening under people’s windows, catching every word he heard, and then he would bring to his Lord, intelligence if any traitor was harboured within the gates. Let me play the part of Mr. Diligence, and we will listen a moment or two while we hear old Mr. Evil Questioning talk. He is a chatty fellow; he can talk upon almost any subject; I heard him the other day preach a sermon upon doctrine. He had been hearing a Calvinist minister. This minister had preached the truth as it is in Jesus and he had earnestly exhorted him to lay hold on Christ Jesus, but Mr. Evil Questioning put it thus—“Now, if there are so many to be saved, and there are a certain number of people who are not to be saved, then it can make no difference to me, I had better leave it as it is; for if I am to be saved I shall be saved, and if I am not to be saved I shall not be saved. Besides,” he said, “it is irresistible grace that saves men. Now, if God sends that grace into my heart, then I shall be saved, and if he does not, why I cannot do anything, and therefore I may as well sit still as try and do anything you know. I hear the minister say that faith and repentance are the gift of God; well, if they are the gift of God, how inconsistent he was to exhort me to believe and repent. The man does not understand logic. I shall not believe, I shall not repent. For, do you not see that it does not stand to reason that I should try to do either the one or the other, because they are both the gifts of God.” Thus the man satisfied himself, and while I heard him talking, I thought to myself, “I know you Mr. Evil Questioning, well, and I know your father too; you are a descendant of the old fellow that was hanged in Bad Street, in old Bunyan’s time, and I only wish I could hang you again.” He went another day to hear an Arminian preacher. He heard this preacher talking about the universal love, and the universal mercy of God; and this minister exhorted him to lay hold on Christ. But Mr. Evil Questioning is like a spider, he can suck gall out of any flower; so he went home and he said—“Well, if God is so infinitely merciful, then my sins are very little things indeed. I need not make all this fuss and bother about them. I will just go on in them, and no doubt God will not be hard on me at the last, but will just forgive those sins offhand, whether I believe or not. And, besides,” he said, “his mercy is so lasting, that when I come to die I will just say, ‘Lord, have mercy upon me,’ and then I shall enter into the kingdom of heaven as well as the best of them. And what is the use of that man exhorting me to believe and to repent, for he told me I might fall from grace? I might as well not begin, as begin now, presently to fall away, so I will wait until the end of my life before I begin, and then I shall run less risk of falling from grace afterwards.” Thus he reasoned with himself. Now whenever you hear that kind of argument, you may know at once there is a traitor there. You have discovered him. That is old Mr. Evil Questioning. Do not lose a moment, run straight up to your room, and tell the Lord that you have found a traitor; ask him to send at once a warrant after him, to arrest the fellow who is doing the utmost he can to destroy your soul.

8. Sometimes this gentleman does not preach a doctrinal sermon but it is a practical one. I heard him the other day speaking thus: “I do not go to any place of worship nowadays; for to tell the truth, there is such a variety of sects and parties, and one kind of Christian finds fault with another kind, that they are not agreed among themselves, I do not mean to go and listen to them or to pay any attention to them while they are so divided and so bigoted. Besides,” he said, “look at the Christians, they are no better than other people, I dare say; their best ministers, if we could catch them in a corner, are not at all superior to the rest of mankind, and as to common professors, why I lost ten pounds the other day by one of them who is a deacon. They are not a whit superior to the rest of mankind, I am sure; therefore, I shall not think about religion at all, it is all a farce and a lie. Why should I consider it? I will have nothing to do with it.” There is the traitor again. At other times this man will find some poor, lean, half starved Christian, who has very little grace and very great misery, and he begins to talk thus. “There are your Christians, see what moping folks they are! How miserable! I never saw such a set of people in my life. Why if I were to go and listen to their minister I should drown myself in a month; they are such miserable wretches. As for me, I say let us hope well and have well; let us live merrily while we may, and if we must ever think about these serious things, let us put it off to the last.” Have you never heard that gentleman? Ah, my hearers, there are some of you who have him in your hearts, and I am only describing what you have often said to yourselves; or if I have not as yet mentioned the precise discourse of old Mr. Evil Questioning, yet I think I have tracked down some of his haunts. Does he not often give a knock on your door, and you say, “Walk in friend Questioning, I have a little matter to talk over with you. The minister has given me a little trouble in my conscience; come and see if you cannot put a bandage over the wound, so that I may go on in my sins comfortably, and be relieved from the troublesome necessity of changing my life and becoming a Christian.” Sometimes this old fellow Evil Questioning goes further and tries, as he says, to lay the axe at the root of the thing. “Why,” he says, “this doctrine of the atonement, this salvation by the blood of Christ, I have only just this to say about it, that a rational man cannot believe it at all. It is positively ridiculous to think of a man being saved by the righteousness of someone else, let the Methodist believe it, I shall not. There is no reason in it.” Then he begins to ask questions about the atonement, and proceeds to ask questions about the decrees, questions ask about inscrutable matters, questions about effectual calling, about total depravity, and the like, and so he runs through the whole scale of gospel truths and Bible revelations, stopping at each one and asking a question that he may find in each some apology for disobeying God, some excuse for not yielding up his whole heart to Christ, and now believing in him who died to save the souls of men.

9. I think, however, I need not give you a more accurate description than I have done of this arch-destroyer. In fact, it would be utterly impossible for me to describe to you all his speeches. There is no subject which he will not handle. He is so glib of tongue and he has such sophistry of argument, that he will often persuade a man to believe that the worse is the better reason, and make a man imagine that he is not only excusable, but even commendable, for not being a Christian, and giving up his heart to Christ. Oh! if I could only see this Evil Questioning buried seven fathoms deep, I should feel I had an easy work to do in preaching the gospel; but, alas! when I have been the most earnest, my hearers have raised a question on the discourse, instead of yielding to its precepts; and when I have tried to explain the doctrine and lay it down by the rule of the Word, I find instead of producing conviction, that one and another will be questioning the orthodoxy or the heterodoxy of it. No fruit is produced because you do not allow the seed to enter into your hearts, there to work effectually to the saving of your souls. Oh, fools and slow of heart, to be for ever asking questions while time is flying, and men are dying, and hell is filling—to be questioning when there is only a step between you and death—to be trying to unriddle mysteries and to unravel secrets when you are on the borders of the tomb and your souls may soon be required of you. Oh, fools, I say, and slow of heart, but surely so you will be to the end of your life, unless sovereign grace shall open your eyes to see in the face of this Mr. Evil Questioning the marks and lineaments of a child of Satan, and unless God shall give you grace to kick him out, to expel him instantly, and have no more to do with him as long as you live.

10. But do you know while I was going my rounds this morning looking after Mr. Evil Questioning, I happened to stop at the door of a house that had the blood mark over the lintel and I was very much surprised to hear a voice just like old Mr. Questioning’s inside that house. I could not believe my own ears, but I saw my own name on the door, and so I thought I might venture to enter and lo, I found this old villain sitting at my own table, and what do you think he was saying? Why he was talking like this, “God has promised that you shall hold on your way, but then you have so many temptations you cannot. He has promised to bless your ministry, but then the hearts of men are so hard, you might just as well give up preaching.” He began to question the promises and asked how they could be fulfilled, and was beginning to make me question the vitality of my own religion. Get out, sir, I will have nothing to do with you, and if I meet you again I hope by the grace of God I shall be able to heave a stone that shall sink deep in your old crazy skull. Begone, sir, and have nothing to do with me. With the child of God you are a hated intruder. Who am I that I should question the Almighty? Who is the finite that he should ask the Infinite where is his power to fulfil his promise? No, my God:

I trust the all creating voice,
And faith requires no more,

11. II. Having thus detected Mr. Evil Questioning, we will go on to DESCRIBE HIM.

12. Mr. Evil Questioning often boasts that he is the child of Human Reason; but I will let you know a secret or two about his parentage. Mr. Human Reason was once a very respectable man. He had a country seat in the garden of Paradise, and he was then great and honourable. He served his God with all his might, and he discovered many a great and marvellous thing for the good of mankind; at that time he had a family, and they were all like himself, very good and loyal. But after the fall this man married again, and he took to himself one called Sin to be his partner, and this old Evil Questioning was one who was born after the fall. He does not belong to the first family at all. The first family was not as numerous as the last. There was one called Right Judgment born at that time. I hope he is still alive, and I believe he is. But the second family was very black and of tainted blood. They did not take after the father at all, except in one point, that at the time of the fall Mr. Human Reason lost his country seat at Paradise, and together with the rest of the servants of Adam fell from his high estate and became perverted and depraved. His children are like him in their depravity, but not in their power of reasoning. They take after their mother, and they always have a predilection for sin, so that they “put darkness for light and light for darkness, bitter for sweet and sweet for bitter.” The old gentleman never mentions his mother’s name if he can help it. He always likes to boast that he is a lineal descendant of Human Reason, and so indeed he is, but he is a descendant of fallen Human Reason, not of Human Reason as it was in its glorious perfection. Now, all the powers of Adam were spoiled and ruined by the fall. They are there, but their bias was turned from that which is good to that which is evil, and now reason is not a trustworthy guide. Enlightened by the Spirit of God it can judge righteous judgment, but unenlightened and uninstructed, its bias is towards that which shall excuse man in his rebellion, which shall dishonour God, and which shall seek to raise the human race in proud rebellion against their Lord and Master.

13. Understand then, that the parentage of Evil Questioning lies here; man’s perverted reason meets with man’s love of sin, and these two do join to bring forth these evil questions. It is not your reason that makes you speak against God, except it is your perverted reason. It is your love of sin that alerts your reason to try and discover some difficulty, and to make that a pretence why you should not be obedient to the heavenly command. Do not believe yourself when you repeat the tale told to you by Satan, that you are only making honest enquiries—do not believe it for a minute. The honest enquiry is content with “It is written,” and there it stops. Besides, if it is not content with this, the truth of the Bible is proven by the most conclusive logic. It is proven too by arguments against which all the gates of hell can never prevail. There are many excellent works which have been written, and all the arguments of modern sceptics have been refuted a thousand times over. Every objection that man can make has been already broken in pieces, and if a man is honest in his enquiries, he cannot remain an unbeliever for long. Do not believe that your questioning springs from honesty, but be honest with yourself, and acknowledge this, that you do not love the gospel because it is too hard for you—it wants you to give up sins that you love too much, to renounce them, and because of this, you begin to question its truth. If it did not come upon you so severely, and deal with you so summarily, you would believe it. But because it will have you give up your sins, you go in quest of a doubt, and put in plea after plea to gain time and hold on with the world. Though you do not doubt the justice of the law, or the truth of the gospel, you vexatiously question both. And yet you know very well that it is beyond your questioning, for it is the eternal truth of the Eternal God.

14. I have thus described the old man’s parentage; shall I now tell you where he had his education? After Mr. Evil Questioning was born, he was sent to the school of that old schoolmaster who has taught a great many of you—Mr. Worldly Wiseman, and this Mr. Worldly Wiseman used to make him read from a book, called “Human Maxims,” and this man has learned all the art of logic from that book of Human Maxims—a book very much patronized by the sacred consistory of hell. They greatly delight in it, and wish to have it spread everywhere; and they wish to have even the prophets of God bow their knee to this Baal, and take “for doctrines the commandments of men.” No wonder, therefore, that being bad at first, and essentially vicious, this education was just suited to develop his powers, and he has gone from bad to worse, until he has been known at times to question the very existence of God, the immortality of the soul, the truth of the Bible, the divinity of Christ, in fact; he has questioned everything which can be dear to a true hearted man, every truth which can sustain the soul in the midst of its troubles, and give it light in its seasons of darkness.

15. And now to come nearer still to him. I have told you his parentage and education, now as to his character. If you notice this man, it is only his talking that will strike you, and you will observe this about his talk, that he speaks about things of religion in a very different style from what he thinks about things of the world. If you meet him and he is buying or selling, he talks very rationally indeed; but when he comes to make excuses for himself and tell you why he is not converted, he talks like a fool, just as he is. He would not himself act in the world upon the theories that he adopts in religion. Did I not tell you that I heard him say once, that because God had decreed therefore he would do nothing? Now you would expect to find him, if he were honest in what he said, going out into the world and folding his arms, and saying, “Now if I am to get rich I shall get rich, and so that is an end of it; and if I am not to get rich I shall not get rich, and therefore I shall not work.” No, he is as busy as a bee when he is about the things of the world, and yet he is as idle as possible when he is meddling with the things of Christ. This same man, if he has a field to sow, he knows very well that if God has ordained a harvest there will be a harvest—but he sows for all that. He can understand in his business how free agency is quite consistent with Divine Sovereignty. He understands when he is abroad how the decree of God does not at all limit the free action of man, but when he comes to matters of godliness with regard to his own soul, then he sees an insurmountable difficulty there. Ah! he sees it because he wants to see it, and a man can see anything he likes to see if he does not want to do a thing that is uncomfortable and unpleasant. If you want an excuse for going to hell, you can find a thousand, everyone as bad as the other, and Mr. Evil Questioning will furnish you with any quantity of them to suit every particular case. He has excuses that will suit the Frenchman and excuses that will suit the Englishman. He has a stock of common excuses just adapted to be sold retail to the poor, and he has many a refined excuse of every shade and colour to suit the taste of the rich. There is no one like him. If you want to perish, you may do it logically. If you want to go to hell riding on a syllogism, he will assist you. He will give you the most rational and comfortable conveyance if you want to go there. You only have to go to his shop, he will not keep you a single moment, but serve you across the counter with the most polite bow, and send you on your way rejoicing towards the depths of perdition.

16. You will thus detect Mr. Evil Questioning, because he uses a logic in spiritual things that he would not use in temporal things. Here is another way by which you may discover him. This man, when he is talking about the Infinite God, always measures him by the finite rule of man. When God is in the question, who is not to be limited nor to be grasped by our comprehension, he deals as freely with the matter as if it were a mere thing of yards or inches, or of ounces and pounds. Omnipotence he forgets, and omnipresence, and omniscience, and eternity,—all these attributes of God he casts away, and he talks to God, and talks about God, as if God were nothing different from the creature that his hands have made. Have you never heard him say, “How can such a thing be done?” If he did only stop and think, he would know that it is irrational to use the word can, when he is speaking of an Omnipotent One. He will often say, “Will such a thing that is promised be accomplished?” If he only paused, he would remember that to ask a question as to whether a thing will be done about a God who is true and faithful, is to ask a wicked and blasphemous question. But still he will do it. He deals with God’s promises as if they were the promissory notes of a rogue. He treats God’s doctrines as if they were the utterance of a raving maniac. He will deal with substantial verities as if they were frothy dreams, the mere speculations of a deluded brain. Strange villain that he is, daring to lift his mouth against heaven, and spit his blasphemous questions against the very existence and power of the Most High.

17. You may know him again by another sign, for he always draws his arguments from exceptions. He meets a miserable Christian—he knows very well that where there is one miserable Christian there are a thousand happy ones—but then he ignores these thousand happy ones. It is the one miserable one that he fixes his attention upon. If he meets with one fallen professor, he knows that there are ten thousand Christians who stand upright in the hour of temptation, and will not bend in the blast of the terrors of the world when they come against him, seeking to turn him from his upright course—but no, he forgets all these; he only thinks of that one hypocrite, or that one professor, who was overtaken in an evil hour, and then he makes a syllogism like this—“One Christian has proven to be a hypocrite, therefore, since it is a bad thing to be a hypocrite, I will not be a Christian.” Now, what an argument! And yet this satisfies some of you. There are some of you, when you have been once taken in by a man, will say, “Ah, well! I will never make a profession of religion. So-and-so made a profession; he was a bad one; therefore I will not have anything to do with it.” Where is the force of this argument? If there are bad Christians, that is a presumption in itself that there are good ones; for if whenever you see a bad sovereign in circulation, you may be sure there are some good ones, for if they were all bad none of us would take any of them. Be sure of it, then, the name of Christian would cease to be, unless there were some good ones to keep up the current coin—the real stock in trade—on which the world grows rich. And suppose they were all bad, is that any reason why you should not be true and honest? If the church were all hypocrites, at least let me be an honest man, and serve my God truly, and with all my heart. That is the proper way of reasoning. But Evil Questioning takes exceptions, and considers them as if they were rules, and then from the exceptions draws a deduction which would not be logical, even if they were the rule, but which, seeing it is based upon the exceptions, is without any basis at all, and sinks to the ground as a mere wanton wilful falsehood.

18. I will only keep you one more minute upon this part of my subject. You may always know Mr. Evil Questioning by this one fact, that he invariably draws his conclusions from his wishes. When I have a logical argument, and the conclusion is contrary to what I would like it to be, I always think there is more likelihood that my reasoning is correct; but if the conclusion is just what my carnal heart would like it to be, I say I am afraid that my logic was at fault somewhere; for if I draw a conclusion that pleases myself, I ought to be very careful, especially when it is a matter in which my soul is concerned. We draw Justice with a bandage over her eyes, holding a pair of scales: now, whenever we are trying other people, that is how our justice ought to be meted out, and so it should be when we are trying ourselves. But, my dear friends, whenever we try ourselves, we are apt to move the bandage up a little, that the right eye may see just a little, that we may manage to put, somehow or other, a little extra weight in the scale that will favour ourselves. No man is so partial a judge as the man who is trying his own character. We are very severe with others, but we are very lenient with ourselves; we keep our swords well sharpened for our enemies; but if we do hit ourselves it is with the back of the blade; we never venture to strike deep and we always wish to have a little salve ready, some kind of extenuation. Habitually almost without knowing it we shake hands with ourselves very often, and say, “You are not so bad a fellow after all, I thought there was something amiss with you, and so there certainly is; but still there is not so much wrong with you as there is with a great many people, and you are a very respectable individual when all things are considered.” Now, if that is the conclusion you come to, suspect it, there is a flaw in the logic somewhere. Just go over the reasoning again. Tally up the sum once more, if it comes to this result, “You are rich,” tally it up again, there is an extra figure that you have put in; for the right conclusion is, if you are an unconverted man, you are naked, and poor, and miserable. Do not believe the arithmetic or the logic which would bring you to any other conclusion than this.

19. III. Having thus described this old enemy after whom I am in full pursuit; I pause awhile and go on to my third division, which is bringing him out TO EXECUTE HIM.

20. I must give you a bit from John Bunyan’s Holy War, for it is so wonderfully suggestive, and so thoroughly worthy of its quaint author. Mr. Evil Questioning was detected harbouring four doubters, who had come to attack the town of Mansoul; when he was brought up, the indictment was that he had plotted the ruin of the town of Mansoul, that he had feloniously and treacherously harboured four of the king’s enemies, and that he had expressed in the hearing of one Mr. Diligence, his wish that there were ten thousand such doubters in Mansoul. The old fellow when he was brought before the judgment bar, first denied his name, and said his real name was Mr. Honest Enquiry, but when it was proven that he was old Evil Questioning, for Lord Will-be-will in the time of his evil estate had known him very intimately, then the old fellow pleaded “Not Guilty,” and he began at once to utter his defence. “I answer,” said Evil Questioning “the men who came into my house were strangers, and I took them in, and is it now become a crime in Mansoul for a man to entertain strangers? That I also fed them is true, and why should my charity be blamed? As for the reason why I wished ten thousand of them in Mansoul, I never told it to the witnesses nor to themselves. I might wish them to be taken, and so might wish well to the town of Mansoul. I also bid them take heed that they did not fall into the Captain’s hands, but that might be because I am unwilling that any man should be executed, and not because I would have the king’s enemies escape.” So Mr. Evil Questioning was true to his name, he kept on questioning until the verdict was given, the sentence of death pronounced, and carried into execution; for they hanged him, as Bunyan says, opposite the door of his own house at the top of Bad Street. Ah! but I am afraid that he is alive now, still living and going around: I wish therefore to bring him up again to trial, and we will see if we cannot bring some charges against him; we will empanel an honest jury, and I know what the sentence will be, we shall lead him out to execution.

21. Men and brethren, if you have been questioning, instead of believing, if you have been making enquiries, instead of saying, “What must I do to be saved?” which is the only allowable question, let me first beg of you to drive out this Evil Questioning, because he is a traitor to the King of heaven. He does not wish your good, but your ill; more than this, he is sent by Satan to prevent your obeying the commands of God: he is come to betray you. Oh! do not listen to his words, though they are smoother than butter, for inwardly they are drawn swords: the drift of all he says is to keep you unreconciled to God. The great end of all he says is to make you wander further and further from the central point of bliss, to make you forsake the cross, to make you follow the devices of your own heart, and so bring upon yourself inevitable destruction. Oh! I beseech you, drive him out, because he is a traitor to the great King to whom all your allegiance is due. He wants to make you an enemy to God, and to keep you so. Out with him, I pray you. Hang him! let an immediate end be put to him at once: let him no more delude and ruin your souls, and make you persevere in disobedience to God.

22. And then, again, I beseech you turn him out, for he is a liar. All the conclusions to which he has brought you are false ones, and you know they are. When you have sometimes in company bragged a little, and when a hard word has been said that has come home to your conscience, when you have put on a stout confidence and have begun to insinuate some doubts, you know very well you are not speaking honestly. You know there is a hell, though you often laugh at the idea; you know there is a world to come, though you argue against it. You are conscious that there is a God, though you yourself will sometimes deny it, you know very well that every conclusion to which this false reasoning of yours has brought you, is a downright falsehood, and a libel against the common sense and sterling honesty of your nature. Oh! then turn out this wretch who is a descendant of the Father of Lies; and let each one of us lay our hands on him as witnesses, and take up our stone to stone him.

23. Another accusation I bring against him is this: he has led you into a world of mischief. This habit of questioning has often blunted the edge of some sermon that you have heard; when the Word was coming right home to your conscience, this Mr. Evil Questioning has held up a shield and prevented the point from entering into your heart; besides that, have you not sometimes when under the influence of his delusive logic gone off to the place where your lust has been cultivated, and where your conscience has been lulled to sleep? You know if it had not been for these questions, you would not be found so often in the tavern, or in the casino, or in the midst, perhaps, of even worse associations than these. It is because you have tried to make yourself an infidel that you have been able to go into sin. You have felt that if you did believe, sin would become unpleasant; in fact, you would be too gross a fool if you professed to believe, and then afterwards run and cut your own throat, and destroy your own soul, by persevering in your iniquities. Oh! I beseech you, remember the mischief this wicked habit has done to you; it has brought you low, very low, even to the gates of hell; and if you persevere much longer in it, as I pray God you may not, it will bring you within the portals of hell. And then, when the gate of fire is shut, there is no arm that can open it, there is no question, no subtle questioning, that can administer a drop of comfort to you; there is no puzzling particle of metaphysics that can be as a drop of water to cool your burning tongue. The questioning that damned you shall be the tormentor that shall vex you, and your brain carried through fiery speculations shall for ever be horrified and alarmed by new difficulties and new mysteries, which shall be as faggots for the flames of hell for ever and for ever. Oh! let us bring out this Evil Questioning, and hang him on a gallows high as the gallows of Haman, and God grant that we may never see him again.

24. I have one other charge, and then I shall have closed up the accusation. Men and brethren, this man must die, for he has been a murderer. Oh! what millions of souls has Evil Questioning sent to hell! There are many gates to hell, but this is one of the widest and it is one of the most frequented, because it is a respectable gate. Men do not like to go down to perdition without having some reason, some logic to back them up, so they carry a lie in their right hand, and then they go there quietly, to meet their damnation logically, and to reason about the flames of hell when they are lying in them. Oh! my dear hearers, let us be done with this Evil Questioning, for if not, he will ruin us, as surely as he has ruined others. Be satisfied with “Thus says the Lord.” Take the Bible as it stands. Do not for ever be raising these doubts. Do not be busying yourself with secret things that are no business of yours whatever. Do not for ever be quibbling and putting these hard knotty points to us, while your poor soul is perishing for lack of that grace which alone can save you from the wrath to come. “Well,” one says, “but I mean to ask questions a little longer.” Ah! but my dear friend, remember the habit of evil questioning grows upon a man; and at last God will fill you with your own devices. There is a day drawing near when you will want to believe and you cannot—when questioning will come to be a strong delusion, so that you shall believe a lie—when from merely trying to be an infidel, you shall become at last a master in the arts of Belial. Yes, you shall take your degree of Doctor in Damnation, and shall sit in the seat of the scorner, condemned, already hardened in your sin, and ripened for the fire, as those who are ready to be burned. God grant that may not be the consequence; but it will be unless Mr. Evil Questioning is speedily brought out, given up to the gallows, and never more harboured in your house.

25. I have thus spoken in the form of an allegory. If I have put in some words of pleasantry, it was that I might engage your attention. I feel the subject to be awfully solemn, and it is necessary that we should all think about it, and I hope you will think about it none the less because it has been clothed somewhat in an allegorical form, and because I have tried to represent this evil habit as though it were an evil being that sought your destruction. My concluding point is especially addressed to the people of God, and to them I hope it will be very interesting.

26. IV. Old Mr. Evil Questioning is the father of a large family, and John Bunyan tells you about his family. He says, he married one called Miss No-hope, she was the daughter of old Dark, and when old Dark was dead, her uncle Incredulity took her and brought her up as his own daughter, and then he gave her to old Evil Questioning, and he had several children by her. I will give you the names of them, because it shall be my earnest endeavour to fire a shot at them this morning, as well as at their old father. Their names are these—Mr. Doubt, Mr. Legal Life, Mr. Unbelief, Mr. Wrong Thoughts of Christ, Mr. Clip Promise, Mr. Carnal Sense, Mr. Live-by-Feeling, and Mr. Self Love. All these were the offspring of the father, and against all these a warrant was issued by the prince Immanuel that they should be hunted down, and everyone of them given to the sword.

27. Now, I will take the elder son, there is Mr. Doubt,—Is he not the child of Evil Questioning? Why, you can see his father’s resemblance in his face. You remember Mr. Doubt called one day at the tent of Sarah, and his father with him, and Sarah said, “Shall I who am ninety years of age have pleasure? shall these breasts afford nourishment for a child?” Here was Evil Questioning; and then Sarah laughed. That was Mr. Doubt that played off a bit of his satire, and set her laughing. Ah! had she only believed, she might have attained a nobler commendation. It almost tarnishes her fair reputation that we must remember this of her—she was the woman who laughed at God’s promise, as though it were impossible. Brothers and sisters, Mr. Doubt has often called at your house and made you cast reflections on the promise. He has said, “How can it be true? Such a sinner as you, so weak, so vile, so unworthy.” Oh believer, the promise is true; God has pledged his word and stamped his covenant with his oath. When you see a promise, never doubt it; for Doubt is the descendant of Evil Questioning, and he is a Diabolian from the birth up. However, I am rather apprehensive, though I publish his name today, and though I were to give you his portrait in the Hue and Cry, he will not get arrested just yet, or if he is arrested, I am afraid he will break out of prison, and be at liberty again. For this Mr. Doubt is everywhere around the country; and I find him in many a secluded nook by the wayside, troubling some poor woman on her deathbed, and I find him, too, in many a hall where the rich man is thinking about Christ, but is kept back by this troublesome intruder, who whispers a doubt as to whether Christ will receive him. He is everywhere—but drive him out; make him hide his head, let him not be pampered and fed as he is by some people, lest Doubt grow into Despair, and you should lose your comfort, and bring sorrow into your heart for ever.

28. Another child is Mr. Clip Promise. Do you know him? He does not doubt the promise, but he clips the edge of it. He makes out that it will not all be fulfilled, only a part of it. Now there is a proclamation issued against Mr. Clip Promise, that whoever will arrest him shall be greatly honoured, for he is a notorious villain, by whose doings much of the King’s coin was abased, therefore it was expedient that he should be made a public example. And, Bunyan says, “They did take him, and they first set him in the pillory, and afterwards they tied his hands behind him and they whipped him through the streets of Mansoul, bidding all the children and servants whip him, and then at last they hanged him. And,” says my author, “this may seem very harsh treatment, but when one considers how much loss the town of Mansoul may sustain by the clipping of the promises which are the coins with which they trade, I can only say I hope that all his kith and kin may be treated with similar severity.” Oh! if you have attempted to cut the promise down, stop it I pray you; and do take it as it stands in all its plenteousness of grace and all its sufficiency. Do not judge it by your own notions, but take it as it comes from God, shining and glittering from the mint of heaven. Take it at its full current value with the merchants, and you shall surely have its equivalent in the fulfilments which God will work for you in his providence and his grace. Moreover, I will say this to you, the more you trade with this precious coin the more you will prize it, as Eskine sings—

Let your experience sweet declare,
  If able to remind,
A Bochim here, a Bethel there,
  Your Saviour made you find.

29. Then there is Mr. Wrong Thoughts of Christ. Do you know him? Well I do not know that I have met him very lately, but there was a time when he and I had a great battle, and I think he had the worst of it, for by grace I was enabled to strike him very hard. Do you know what this fellow had the impudence to tell me? He said, “Oh! Christ will never receive such a sinner as you are.” And when I had come to Christ, and he received me, he said, “Oh! Christ will not hold you fast.” He will if you let him, but then you will not let him, for you are such a sinner he cannot hold you, and he will not. He has often made me doubt my Master’s immutability or his faithfulness, or his power to save. But as far as I am personally concerned of late, I was able to seize him, and I have put him in prison; I think he is dying of a consumption, for I have not heard much from him lately. I shall be glad enough to have him buried once and for all. And if any of you are troubled with him, lock him up, do not let him be free, for Wrong Thoughts of Christ is one of the worst spirits that ever came up from the pit. What! to think badly of Christ, to think of him who is all goodness, as if he were hard hearted or unkind. Begone, Wrong Thoughts of Christ, we will not harbour you but will put you in a vile prison, and there you shall starve and die.

30. There are two others whom some of you may have known, Mr. Legal Life, and Mr. Live-by-Feeling. I think they were twins. Mr. Legal Life sometimes gets hold of the Christian and makes him judge himself by legal evidences, and not by evangelical evidence. When the Christian has kept a commandment, Mr. Legal Life will say, “There now you live by your works.” He knows that Christians would die by their works, and that the best of them can only live by faith. And when a Christian has made a slip, and has not kept the commandment, in comes Mr. Legal Life, and he says, “You are a lost soul, for you have not kept the commandment;” though he knows very well, “that if any man sins, we have an advocate with the Father, Jesus Christ the righteous.” Yet he tries to make his life by the law which no Christian ever did do or ever will do, for the law is of death and not of life.

31. Then there is Mr. Live-by-Feeling, who makes us judge ourselves according to how we feel. If we feel happy and devout, “Oh,” he says. “now you are in a blessed frame, the Master will accept you,” immediately you feel unhappy, and dull, and cold, and dead. “Oh,” says Mr. Live-by-Feeling, “you are no child of God, or else you would not be like this.” Now catch both these fellows, if you can, and away with them; away with such fellows from the earth. It is not fitting that they should live. Come, you Christians, and crucify them, nail them up, they are relatives of the old flesh, and let them die with the flesh; they will never bring you any good; they are the downright direct opponents of the gospel. Away with them, for “Whatever is not of faith is sin;” and if we do not believe on the Lord Jesus Christ, neither our feelings nor our efforts can ever save our souls in any measure whatever. Legal Life, and Live-by-Feeling must be put to death.

32. And now I want your attention, because here is a fine opportunity for some of you to become celebrated and rich, if you are able to fully execute the commission. One of the children of old Evil Questioning was Mr. Carnal Sense. Now John Bunyan tells us, and I believe that he is right, at least I have his authority for it, and that is no little authority, that there is a proclamation set up in the market place at Mansoul, that whoever shall bring Mr. Carnal Sense, dead or alive, to the King Immanuel, shall be made a nobleman, shall have a right to sit at the King’s table every day, and moreover, he shall be made keeper of the treasury of the city of Mansoul. There you see is a noble opportunity for you. But John Bunyan says, “It is rather unfavourable if you are ambitious; there were many who spent much of their time in endeavouring to discover him, but they have never been able to find him; still it is well known that he is abroad, and that he frequents poor men’s houses by night very much to their sorrow and grief.” Now if you can only apprehend him, see how you shall be exalted; you shall have daily fellowship with your King, and you shall have the whole treasure of God to make you rich. Well, blessed be God, we do know one thing, that is, that if we cannot kill Carnal Sense, yet we can starve him a little, and if he will come abroad it shall be by night, for we will not let him come abroad in the day. Old Carnal Sense, what mischief has he done!

Judge not the Lord by carnal sense,
  But trust him for his grace,
Behind a frowning providence,
  He hides a smiling face.

Oh! Christians, get rid of the thought that you can judge your God by carnal appearances, do not take the promise by the providence, but the providence by the promise. Do not read the book of life by your life, but read your life by the book of life. Be done with Carnal Sense and you shall be happy, you shall have daily fellowship with God and all the riches of his treasury.

33. There remains another one upon whom I must speak just for a moment. It is one called Mr. Self-Love. Ah, he is one of the biggest of the children of Mr. Evil Questioning. Now Mr. Self-Love was tried and condemned to die, but he had so many friends in the town, that they did not like to hang him outright. There was, however, a brave man in the king’s army, a common soldier, a man that was used to sleeping out in the fields at night, and to do much hard work—his name was Mr. Self-Denial, and coming out from the midst of the crowd, just when the prisoner was going to be acquitted, he said, “If such villains as these are winked at in Mansoul I will lay down my commission.” He then took him from the crowd and had him among the soldiers, and there he was put to death. For this, the King made the common soldier a lord, and he was honoured in the town of Mansoul. “Though,” Bunyan says, “there were a good many people in the town that did not like it, and they used to mutter about it, but they did not say much as long as King Immanuel was there. Oh, do you know that old Self-Love? You will never get rid of him unless you get Mr. Self-Denial to help you; unless you are ready to deny the affections and lusts, to pluck out right eyes, and cut off right hands, and to yield up one delight after another, so that self may be trodden under foot, and Jesus Christ may be all in all.”

34. There is one other child. I have left him to the last; and then I have finished with the family—Mr. Unbelief. “Now,” Bunyan says, “Unbelief was a nimble fellow.” He was often caught, but he was like the hero of the wicked Shepherd, he always broke out of prison and escaped again. Although he has often been kept in hold, he has always escaped, and he is every day around somewhere or other. Oh, brothers and sisters, Unbelief is abroad today, he will be attacking some of you, seeking to steal your jewels from you. I beseech you, do not harbour him, but do live by faith, remember how many die by unbelief; therefore cling—cling to Christ.

And when your eye of faith is dim,
  Still trust in Jesus, sink or swim;
And at his footstool bow the knee,
  So Israel’s God your peace shall be.

When your evidences are dark and your joys are gone, still throw your arms around the cross; and remember, you can never perish trusting there.

35. And you, poor sinner, this last word is for you. Stop your questionings, put an end to all your questions at the cross of Christ. Look to my Master now: a look will save you. Trust him, and you are saved—saved now and saved for ever. Cast yourself on him. Be done with your own wit and wisdom; take him to be your wisdom, your righteousness, your all, and he will not cast you away. Poor soul! he will take you in, though you are black as Satan himself. He will wash you and make you clean; he will take you to himself, and put the crown of immortality upon your head; he will robe you in the garments of glory; and you shall be his in that day when he makes up his jewels.