Dazzling Design in Miniature

We think that we have done very well with human technology, packing information very densely on to computer hard drives, chips and CD-ROM disks. However, these all store information on the surface, whereas DNA stores it in three dimensions. It is by far the densest information storage mechanism known in the universe.

Let's look at the amount of information that could be contained in a pinhead volume of DNA. If all this information were written into paperback books, it would make a pile of such books 500 times higher than from here to the moon! The design of such an incredible system of information storage indicates a vastly intelligent Designer.

In addition, there is the information itself, which is stored on DNA, and transmitted from generation to generation of living things. There are no laws of science that support the idea that life, with all its information, could have come from non-living chemicals. On the contrary, we know from the laws of science, particularly in my own area of expertise, that messages (such as those that we find in all living things) always point back to an intelligent message sender. When we look at living things in the light of DNA, Genesis creation makes real sense of the scientific evidence.

Addendum to Creation magazine article: calculations by Dr Gitt

The greatest known density of information is that in the DNA of living cells. The diameter of this chemical storage medium is d = 2 nm, and the spiral increment of the helix is 3.4 nm (1 nm = 10^-9 m = 10^-6 mm). The volume of this cylinder is V = h ´ d² ´ p /4:

V = 3.4 ´ 10^-6 mm ´ (2 ´ 10^-6 mm)² ´ p /4 = 10.68 ´ 10^-18 mm³ per winding.

There are 10 chemical letters (nucleotides) in each winding of the double spiral (= 0.34 ´ 10^-9 m/letter), giving a statistical information density of:

r = 10 letters/(10.68 ´ 10^-18 mm³) = 0.94 ´ 10¹⁸ letters per mm³.

This packing density is so inconceivably great that we need illustrative comparisons.

First: What is the amount of information contained in a pinhead of DNA? How many paperback books can be stored in this volume?

Example: The paperback Did God Use Evolution? has the following dates:

Thickness = 12 mm, 160 pages, L_B = 250,000 letters/book

Volume of a pinhead of 2 mm diameter (r = 1 mm):

V_P = 4/3 p r³ = 4.19 mm³

How many letters can be stored in the volume of 1 pinhead?

L_P = V_P ´ r = 4.19 mm³ ´ (0.94 ´ 10¹⁸ letters/mm³) = 3.94 ´ 10¹⁸ letters

How many books can be stored in the volume of 1 pinhead?

n = L_P/L_B = 3.94 ´ 10¹⁸ letters /(250,000 letters/book) = 15.76 ´ 10¹² books

What is the height of the pile of books?

h = 15.76 ´ 10¹² books ´ 12 mm/book = 189.1 ´ 10¹² mm = 189.1 ´ 10⁶ km

Distance to the moon M = 384,000 km

How many times the distance to the moon is this?

m = h/M = 189.1 ´ 10⁶ km /384,000 km = 492.5 times

Secondly: The human genome has 3 ´ 10⁹ letters (nucleotides). In body cells there are 6 ´ 10⁹ letters.

The length of the genome L_G is given by

L_G = (0.34 ´ 10^-9 m/letter) ´ 3 ´ 10⁹ letters = 1.02 m

The volume of the human genome V_G is

V_G = L_G/r = 3 ´ 10⁹ letters/(0.94 ´ 10¹⁸ letters/mm³) = 3.19 ´ 10^-9 mm³

Volume of a pinhead of 2 mm diameter: V = 4/3 p r³ = 4.19 mm³

How many human genomes could be contained in 1 pinhead?

k = 4.19 mm³ / (3.19 ´ 10^-9 mm³) = 1.313 ´ 10⁹ times

These are the genomes of more than thousand million people or one fifth of the population of the world.

Thirdly: A huge storage density is achieved, manifold greater than can be attained by the modern computers. To grasp the storage density of this material, we can imagine taking the material from the head of a pin with a diameter of 2 mm and stretching it out into a wire, which has the same diameter as a DNA molecule. How long would this wire be?

Diameter of the DNA molecule d = 2 nm = 2 ´ 10^-6 mm (radius r = 10^-6 mm)

Cross-section A of the DNA molecule:

A = r² p = (1 nm)² p = (10^-6 mm)² p = 3.14 ´ 10^-12 mm²

Length of the wire LW = Volume of the pinhead VP / Cross-section A

LW = VP/A = 4.19 mm³ / (3.14 ´ 10^-12 mm²) = 1.33 ´ 10¹² mm = 1.33 ´ 10⁶ km

Length of the equator = 40,000 km

k = 1.334 ´ 10⁶ km/ 40,000 km = 33.3 times

If we are stretching out the material of a pinhead into a wire with the same thin diameter as a DNA molecule it would have a length more than 30 times around the equator.

These comparisons illustrate in a breath-taking way the brilliant storage concepts we are dealing with here, as well as the economic use of material and miniaturisation. The highest known (statistical) information density is obtained in living cells, exceeding by far the best achievements of highly integrated storage densities in computer systems.